Power cables and connectors: Difference between revisions

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== Different Types Of Gpu Power Connectors ==
== Different Types Of Gpu Power Connectors ==
GPU consume power from PCIe and power cables,  in general, PCIe bus supports 75W of power.  
GPU consume power from PCIe and power cables,  in general, PCIe bus supports 75W of power.  
[[File:Cable connector pinout2.png|center|frameless|625x625px|Cable connector pinout2]]  
[[File:Cable connector pinout2.png|center|frameless|745x745px]]  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
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!Idel for
!Idel for
!Notices (Picture from cgdirector)<ref>https://www.cgdirector.com/gpu-power-cable-guide/</ref>
!Notices (Picture from cgdirector)<ref>https://www.cgdirector.com/gpu-power-cable-guide/</ref>
!
!Notes
|-
|-
|PCIe 6-Pin
|PCIe 6-Pin
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|'''12VHPWR'''  
|'''12VHPWR'''  
(12-Volt High Power).
(12-Volt High Power).
16-Pin (12+4-Pin)<ref>https://videocardz.com/newz/pcie-gen5-power-connector-is-compatible-with-geforce-rtx-30-founders-edition</ref><ref>https://www.techpowerup.com/forums/threads/intel-atx-3-0-16-pin-power-connector-for-pcie-gen5-is-smart-has-four-power-delivery-variants.292563/</ref>
16-Pin (12+4-Pin)<ref>https://videocardz.com/newz/pcie-gen5-power-connector-is-compatible-with-geforce-rtx-30-founders-edition</ref><ref>https://www.techpowerup.com/forums/threads/intel-atx-3-0-16-pin-power-connector-for-pcie-gen5-is-smart-has-four-power-delivery-variants.292563/</ref>
|150/300/450/600W
|150/300
/450/600W
depending on the sideband
|RTX 3000/4000 series
|RTX 3000/4000 series
|[[File:PCIe-12pin-cable.png|frameless]]Designed for Gen-5/ATX 3.0 PSUs
|[[File:PCIe-12pin-cable.png|frameless]]Designed for Gen-5/ATX 3.0 PSUs
Gen-4/ATX 2.0 needs an 8-pin to 16-pin 600W 12VHPWR adapter
Gen-4/ATX 2.0 needs an 8-pin to 16-pin 600W 12VHPWR adapter
|
|Power/Ground Pin Wire Size: 16 AWG
Sideband Signals Pin Wire Size: 28 AWG
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+12V power rail characteristic
!+12V Power rail
!2x3 connector
!2x4 connector
! colspan="4" |12V-2x6 connector
|-
|Sustained power
|75W
|150W
|150W
|300W
|450W
|600W
|-
| +12V range
| colspan="6" | +5%/-8%
|-
|Current
(Max. RMS)
|6.75A
|13.5A
|13.75A
|27.5A
|41.25A
|55A
|}
|}


== 12VHPWR sindband ==
== 12VHPWR and sideband ==
The sideband signals SENSE0/SENSE1 definitions, which signal maximum available power available from the PSU, have been updated, as shown in Table 3-6.
The twelve power pins have a 9.2A per pin/position current rating at 30C T-rise above ambient temperature conditions at 12V, energizing all twelve contacts. This means that the pins should be able to deliver up to 1324.8W! The connector’s body must have a label or embossed “H++” characters to indicate the [[support]] of 9.2A per pin or higher.  The wire thickness is 16 AWG, while the wire size is 28 AWG for the sideband signal pins.




Power/Ground Pin Wire Size: 16 AWG
The sideband signals SENSE0/SENSE1 definitions, which signal maximum available power available from the PSU based on the ATX v3.1 & '''PCI-SIG PCIe CEM Rev 5.1 specification.<ref>https://edc.intel.com/content/www/us/en/design/ipla/software-development-platforms/client/platforms/alder-lake-desktop/atx-version-3-0-multi-rail-desktop-platform-power-supply-design-guide/2.1/pci-express-pcie-add-in-card-connectors-recommended/</ref>''' These updated SENSE0/SENSE1 combinations ensure that an Add-in Card may only draw power only when the power pins and the sideband pins are engaged and correctly asserted.
 
{| class="wikitable"
Sideband Signals Pin Wire Size: 28 AWG
|+The SENSE0/1 setting of the 12VHPWR connector.
 
!SENSE0 (s3)
* The 150 watts power level now requires the SENSE0/SENSE1 pins to be shorted together in the power supply or the cable.
!SENSE1 (s4)
* When both SENSE0/SENSE1 are unasserted, as defined by their high-impedance Open-Open state, no power may be drawn by the load. This is new SENSE0/SENSE1 combination now defines the new 0 watt state, which was not present in the 12VHPWR connector. These updated SENSE0/SENSE1 combinations ensure that an Add-in Card may only draw power only when the power pins and the sideband pins are engaged and correctly asserted. The Open-Open condition signals that the PCB plug is either poorly seated or absent. These two conditions are now functionally equivalent. A PCIe CEM 5.1 Add-in Card will explicitly interpret the Open-Open SENSE0/SENSE1 stat as the 0 watt configuration, and it will not attempt to draw power from the cable.
!Initial Permitted Power at System Power Up
 
!Maximum Sustained Power After Software Configuration
It is important that the power supply provide these updated SENSE0/SENSE1 encodings to the cable, to ensure compatibility with PCIe CEM 5.1 compliant Add-in Cards. See 3.3.1 for more details on SENSE0/SENSE1 encoding.
|-
|Ground
|Ground
|375W
|600W
|-
|Open
|Ground
|225W
|450W
|-
|Ground
|Open
|150W
|300W
|-
| colspan="2" |Short
|100W
|150W
|-
|Open
|Open
|0W
|0W
|}
NVIDIA has to change the graphics cards with the new 12V-2×6 connector to replace the open-open scenario with 0 Watt and PSU manufacturers have to short the SENSE pins for 150W max output. This is why all brands used the GND-GND setting for the total 600W


== Different Types of Cable ==
== Different Types of Cable ==

Revision as of 08:17, 5 January 2024

Whether you are a seasoned veteran or a newcomer to the the server system building it is essential to understand the various power cables and connectors required to safely power PCIe computing units such as GPU.

So we made an summary to ensure that the system runs smoothly without any crashes, and will also prevent potential disasters like electrical fires or damaged hardware.

Different Types Of Gpu Power Connectors

GPU consume power from PCIe and power cables, in general, PCIe bus supports 75W of power.

Cable connector pinout2.png
Connector type Max. Power[1] Idel for Notices (Picture from cgdirector)[2] Notes
PCIe 6-Pin 75W Old GPU Pcie-6pin-cable.png
PCIe 6+2 or 8-Pin 150W <300W GPU PCIe-8pin-cable.png
CPU EPS-12V (EATX12V) 8pin (336W)

4pin (168W)

<300W GPU
EPS12_4+4
12VHPWR

(12-Volt High Power).

16-Pin (12+4-Pin)[3][4]

150/300

/450/600W depending on the sideband

RTX 3000/4000 series PCIe-12pin-cable.pngDesigned for Gen-5/ATX 3.0 PSUs

Gen-4/ATX 2.0 needs an 8-pin to 16-pin 600W 12VHPWR adapter

Power/Ground Pin Wire Size: 16 AWG

Sideband Signals Pin Wire Size: 28 AWG

12V power rail characteristic
+12V Power rail 2x3 connector 2x4 connector 12V-2x6 connector
Sustained power 75W 150W 150W 300W 450W 600W
+12V range +5%/-8%
Current

(Max. RMS)

6.75A 13.5A 13.75A 27.5A 41.25A 55A

12VHPWR and sideband

The twelve power pins have a 9.2A per pin/position current rating at 30C T-rise above ambient temperature conditions at 12V, energizing all twelve contacts. This means that the pins should be able to deliver up to 1324.8W! The connector’s body must have a label or embossed “H++” characters to indicate the support of 9.2A per pin or higher. The wire thickness is 16 AWG, while the wire size is 28 AWG for the sideband signal pins.


The sideband signals SENSE0/SENSE1 definitions, which signal maximum available power available from the PSU based on the ATX v3.1 & PCI-SIG PCIe CEM Rev 5.1 specification.[5] These updated SENSE0/SENSE1 combinations ensure that an Add-in Card may only draw power only when the power pins and the sideband pins are engaged and correctly asserted.

The SENSE0/1 setting of the 12VHPWR connector.
SENSE0 (s3) SENSE1 (s4) Initial Permitted Power at System Power Up Maximum Sustained Power After Software Configuration
Ground Ground 375W 600W
Open Ground 225W 450W
Ground Open 150W 300W
Short 100W 150W
Open Open 0W 0W

NVIDIA has to change the graphics cards with the new 12V-2×6 connector to replace the open-open scenario with 0 Watt and PSU manufacturers have to short the SENSE pins for 150W max output. This is why all brands used the GND-GND setting for the total 600W

Different Types of Cable

There are two popular wire size standards, AWG (American Wire Gauge) and Metric Wire Gauges[6]

It is important to know cable spec of your power connection to GPU or other devices to avoid potential disasters like electrical fires or damaged hardware.

18 AWG cable is widly used for GPU power cable at the time of writing this page.

References

  1. ↑ https://www.gpuminingresources.com/p/psu-cables.html
  2. ↑ https://www.cgdirector.com/gpu-power-cable-guide/
  3. ↑ https://videocardz.com/newz/pcie-gen5-power-connector-is-compatible-with-geforce-rtx-30-founders-edition
  4. ↑ https://www.techpowerup.com/forums/threads/intel-atx-3-0-16-pin-power-connector-for-pcie-gen5-is-smart-has-four-power-delivery-variants.292563/
  5. ↑ https://edc.intel.com/content/www/us/en/design/ipla/software-development-platforms/client/platforms/alder-lake-desktop/atx-version-3-0-multi-rail-desktop-platform-power-supply-design-guide/2.1/pci-express-pcie-add-in-card-connectors-recommended/
  6. ↑ https://www.powerstream.com/Wire_Size.htm
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