Vmstat: Difference between revisions

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{{Status
|status=Draft
|owner=Knowledge Agent
|last_update=2026-07-16
|review=Pending
}}
{{TOC}}
== Overview ==
Vmstat에 대한 기술 문서입니다.
=== Summary ===
* 무엇인가? - Vmstat
* 왜 필요한가? - HPC 및 서버 환경에서 필수 개념
* 언제 사용하는가? - 서버 구성, 성능 튜닝, 문제 해결 시
---
== Purpose ==
이 문서가 존재하는 이유
* Goal: Vmstat에 대한 기술 정보 제공
* Scope: Vmstat의 개념, 사용법, 설정
* Non-goals: 다른 주제로의 확장
---
== Key Concepts ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Concept
! Description
! Related
|-
| Vmstat
| HPC/서버 환경에서 중요한 기술 개념
| [[Linux]], [[Server]]
|}
---
== Detailed Explanation ==
The '''<code>vmstat</code>''' (virtual memory statistics) is a built-in monitoring utility in [[Linux]]. <ref>https://phoenixnap.com/kb/vmstat-command</ref>
The '''<code>vmstat</code>''' (virtual memory statistics) is a built-in monitoring utility in [[Linux]]. <ref>https://phoenixnap.com/kb/vmstat-command</ref>
The command is used to obtain information about memory, system processes, paging, interrupts, block I/O, disk, and CPU scheduling. Users can observe system activity virtually in real-time by specifying a sampling period.
The command is used to obtain information about memory, system processes, paging, interrupts, block I/O, disk, and CPU scheduling. Users can observe system activity virtually in real-time by specifying a sampling period.
== Output meaning ==
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ vmstat -n 1
$ vmstat -n 1
Line 22: Line 66:
!Meaning
!Meaning
!Notes
!Notes
|-
|'''procs'''
|'''r''' – '''Active''' '''process''' count.


'''b''' – '''Sleeping''' '''process''' count.
---
|
|-
|'''memory'''
|'''swpd''' – Total '''virtual memory'''. The swap space is initially unoccupied. However, the kernel starts using swap space as the system’s physical memory reaches its limit.


'''free''' – Total '''free''' '''memory'''.
== Best Practices ==


'''buff''' – Total '''memory''' temporarily used as a '''data buffer'''.
* 최신 버전 사용 권장
* 공식 문서 참고
* 테스트 환경에서 먼저 검증


'''cache''' – Total '''cache memory'''
---
|
|-
|'''swap'''
|'''si''' – The '''rate''' of '''swapping-in''' memory from disk.


'''so''' – The '''rate''' of '''swapping-out''' memory to disk.
== References ==
|
|-
|'''io'''
|'''bi''' – Blocks '''received''' from a block device per second.
 
'''bo''' – Blocks '''sent''' to a block device per second.
|
|-
|'''system'''
|'''in''' – The number of '''system interrupts'''.


'''cs''' – The number of '''context switches''' per second.
* [https://wiki.hpcmate.com Vmstat]
|
|-
|'''cpu'''
|'''us''' – The percentage of '''CPU''' time spent on '''non-kernel processes'''.


'''sy''' – The percentage of '''CPU''' time spent on '''kernel processes'''.
---


'''id''' – The percentage of '''idle CPU.'''
== Related Pages ==


'''wa''' – The percentage of '''CPU''' time spent waiting for '''Input/Output'''.
* [[Linux]]
* [[Server]]
* [[Hardware]]
* [[Network]]


'''st''' – The percentage of '''CPU''' time '''stolen''' by a virtual machine.
---
|
* The connection queue length is displayed in the “wa” column, which stands for “wait”. This value represents the number of processes that are waiting for a resource, such as a connection. If the value in the “wa” column is high, it could indicate that the server is experiencing a high load and may be unable to handle additional connections efficiently. In this case, increasing its capacity to handle the load by e.g. upgrading the hardware/network capacity or tuning [[Linux kernel parameter#net.core.somaxconn|net.core.somaxconn]] 
|}
 
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Linux]]


[[Category:Server]]
[[Category:Reference]]
[[Category:Reference]]

Revision as of 15:27, 16 July 2026

Template:Status

Template:TOC

Overview

Vmstat에 대한 기술 문서입니다.

Summary

  • 무엇인가? - Vmstat
  • 왜 필요한가? - HPC 및 서버 환경에서 필수 개념
  • 언제 사용하는가? - 서버 구성, 성능 튜닝, 문제 해결 시

---

Purpose

이 문서가 존재하는 이유

  • Goal: Vmstat에 대한 기술 정보 제공
  • Scope: Vmstat의 개념, 사용법, 설정
  • Non-goals: 다른 주제로의 확장

---

Key Concepts

Concept Description Related
Vmstat HPC/서버 환경에서 중요한 기술 개념 Linux, Server

---

Detailed Explanation

The vmstat (virtual memory statistics) is a built-in monitoring utility in Linux. [1] The command is used to obtain information about memory, system processes, paging, interrupts, block I/O, disk, and CPU scheduling. Users can observe system activity virtually in real-time by specifying a sampling period. 

$ vmstat -n 1
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 0  0  22116 182900  35548 378464    0    0     4     3    1   30  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0  22116 182904  35548 378480    0    0     0     0    0   44  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0  22116 182904  35548 378480    0    0     0     0    2   41  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0  22116 182904  35548 378480    0    0     0     0    0   49  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0  22116 182904  35548 378480    0    0     0     0    2   45  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0  22116 182904  35548 378480    0    0     0     0    0   46  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0  22116 182892  35556 378472    0    0     0    20    2   64  0  0 99  1  0
 0  0  22116 182896  35556 378480    0    0     0     0    0   44  0  0 100  0  0
Section Meaning Notes

---

Best Practices

  • 최신 버전 사용 권장
  • 공식 문서 참고
  • 테스트 환경에서 먼저 검증

---

References

---

Related Pages

---

  1. ↑ https://phoenixnap.com/kb/vmstat-command
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